What is pulmonary fibrosis?

Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which scarring happens in the lungs. It makes the lungs less elastic and causes breathing problems. Pulmonary fibrosis usually gets worse over time. You can't undo the damage to your lungs. But you can take steps to prevent more damage and feel better.

What causes it?

In most cases, doctors don't know what causes pulmonary fibrosis. Possible causes include lung infection, such as pneumonia, or injury to the lungs from smoking or being around smoke, dirty air, or dust. It may also be caused by breathing harmful chemicals or materials, such as asbestos.

How is it diagnosed?

A diagnosis may be made based on several tests. These include a medical history, physical exam, blood tests, lung function tests, chest X-ray, and a special CT scan that gives a close-up view of the lungs. In some cases, a lung biopsy may be done.

What are the symptoms?

Pulmonary fibrosis makes it hard to breathe. Symptoms may include shortness of breath and an ongoing (chronic) dry cough. Symptoms usually get worse over time.

How is it treated?

Treatment for pulmonary fibrosis depends on the type you have. All treatments aim to make breathing easier and slow the progress of the disease. Treatment includes medicines and oxygen to ease shortness of breath. Your doctor may use pulmonary function tests (PFTs) to check how well treatment is working and provide the best care.

How can you care for yourself?

Self-care helps make breathing easier. You can help prevent lung infections by avoiding smoke, dirty air, and sick children and adults. Also don’t smoke, vape, or use other tobacco or nicotine products. Keeping up with vaccinations for pneumonia, pertussis, flu, and COVID-19 can also help prevent new lung infections and help you stay healthy.